Original Articles
Syndecan-1 expression during postnatal tooth and oral mucosa development in rates aged from two days to six weeks
Daniel D. De Angelis, Wayne J. Sampson, Ole W. Wiebkin, David F. Wilson
Australian Orthodontic Journal 2002; 18(1): 1-6
Lower incisor changes on basal bone and in relation to the lower face: combined growth and treatment effects in the late mixed-dentition
Michael Woods
Australian Orthodontic Journal 2002; 18(1): 7-18
Cephalometric norms for the Chinese: a compilation of existing data
S. J. Moate, M. A. Darendeliler
Australian Orthodontic Journal 2002; 18(1): 19-26
Pulp-test responses in orthodontic patients
S. G. Cave, T.J. Freer, H.M. Podlich
Australian Orthodontic Journal 2002; 18(1): 27-34
Case Reports
Uprighting of impacted lower third molars using brass ligature wire
Naohiro Moro, Teruo Murakami, Takemasa Tanaka, Chie Ohto
Australian Orthodontic Journal 2002; 18(1): 35-38
Temporary tongue thrust: failure during orthodontic treatment
Thosapol Piyapattamin, Kunimichi Soma, Masataka Hisano
Australian Orthodontic Journal 2002: 18(1): 39-46
Incomplete unilateral cleft of the primary palate: delayed secondary bone grafting combined with orthodontic treatment
Supachai Lertnimulchai
Australian Orthodontic Journal 2002: 18(1): 47-52
Laser irradiation inhibition of open gingival embrasure space after orthodontic treatment
Daijiro Meguro, Masaru Yamaguchi, Kazutaka Kasai
Australian Orthodontic Journal 2002: 18(1): 53-63
Abstracts
Syndecan-1 expression during postnatal tooth and oral mucosa development in rates aged from two days to six weeks
Daniel D. De Angelis, Wayne J. Sampson, Ole W. Wiebkin, David F. Wilson
Syndecans are a family of heparan sulphate proteoglycans that regulate cell-matrix interactions that influence cell growth, proliferation and morphology. The aim of this study was to observe changes in the expression of Syndecan-1 in the developing epithelium of the rat oral mucosa and in the epithelial cell rests of Malassez in the developing periodontium of normal rat molars, from late crown development through to early eruption. Immuno-histochemistry (Syndecan-1 N-18) and histochemistry (Alcec Blue) were used to observe changes in the expression of Syndecan-1 in rats aged two to 42 days. Results indicated that during normal tooth development in the rat, labelling or staining of variable intensity for Syndecan-1 was demonstrated in the stratified oral epithelium above the stratum basale in the rat tongue and palate, and in ameloblasts of the developing molar in rats aged two to 14 days. Histochemical staining of the predentine and dentine layers was consistent in all specimens. Labelling or staining for Syndecan-1 was negative in the rat periodontal ligament, which may suggest that either Syndecan-1 was not expressed during normal molar root development or that continued work is required for identification of a suitable label in rats.
Received for publication: August 2001
Accepted: January 2002
Aust Orthod J 2001; 18(1): 1-6
Lower incisor changes on basal bone and in relation to the lower face: combined growth and treatment effects in the late mixed-dentition
Michael Woods
This study was designed to determine and compare the ranges of combined growth and late mixed-dentition treatment changes in the positions of the lower incisors, either on basal bone or in relation to the APog line. While there was considerable individual variation, movements of the lower incisors in relation to APog were found to be related more to changes in the angulation of the APog line itself, than to the movements of the incisors on the basal bone. In individual cases in which considerable forward movement had occurred at pogonion and in which deep anterior overbites had been reduced, it was often found that the lower incisors had moved forward considerably in relation to the APog line without necessarily having moved forward at all on the underyling basal bone. It was concluded therefore that, in such cases, lower incisor movements on basal bone may actually occur in the opposite direction to those in relation to the APog line because of the complex interaction of changes occurring in the vertical and horizontal positions of both point A and pogonion. In these cases, it seems possible for the lower dentoalveolus to be passively carried forward with growth of the underyling basal bone, once any deep overbite has been reduced.
Received for publication: August 2001
Accepted: December 2001
Aust Orthod J 2001; 18(1): 7-18
Cephalometric norms for the Chinese: a compilation of existing data
S. J. Moate, M. A. Darendeliler
The intention of this paper is to compile Chinese cephalometric norms for a more objective orthodontic diagnosis of Chinese patients so that their orthodontic treatment may be better planned. Studies on cephalometric norms of Chinese and subjects of Chinese descent were reviewed. Some important studies were available only in the Chinese journals and they were especially procured and translated for this purpose. A normal range of anteroposterior apical base differences, concomitant interincisal inclinations and locations, were derived from different Chinese groups and were tabulated. The differences between Chinese and Caucasian norms are discussed. A distinctive craniofacial and dental pattern of the people of Chinese origin was found and is reflected in the cephalometric measurements. Compared with Caucasian norms, Chinese norms have skeletal, dental and soft-tissue variations. The Chinese have a shorter cranial base and a larger ANB. The Chinese dentition demonstrates greater bimaxillary-alveolar protrusion, with a decreased interincisal angle. The Chinese soft-tissue profile shows a less prominent nose, with a less obtuse nasolabial angle, and more protrusive lips.
Received for publication: August 2001
Accepted: December 2001
Aust Orthod J 2001; 18(1): 19-26
Pulp-test responses in orthodontic patients
S. G. Cave, T.J. Freer, H.M. Podlich
The diagnosis of orofacial pain is complicated in the orthodontic patient as treatment-induced alterations to pulpal physiology may result in altered responses to pulp-test stimuli. Thirty-three subjects commencing fixed orthodontic treatment and another 15 subjects not undergoing orthodontic treatment were used in this study. Cold and electrical stimuli were applied to the maxillary incisor teeth prior to treatment, after the placement of fixed appliances and at regular intervals for both groups for up to 252 days. At baseline, response thresholds to electric testing were typically higher for orthodontic subjects, particularly for the lateral incisors. For the non-orthodontic group, the response threshold over the 252 days was relatively constant. For the orthodontic group, application of force immediately increased the response threshold to electric pulp testing, which peaked after two months. By day 252, response means for lateral incisors still remained elevated. Responses to thermal testing were more consistent and reliable. The results of this study indicate that dental practitioners should interpret responses to electric pulp testing cautiously in orthodontic patients and that thermal testing with carbon dioxide snow may be more reliable.
Received for publication: July 2001
Accepted: November 2001
Aust Orthod J 2001; 18(1):27-34
Case Reports
Uprighting of impacted lower third molars using brass ligature wire
Naohiro Moro, Teruo Murakami, Takemasa Tanaka, Chie Ohto
As the orthodontic stage at the time of the eruption of the third molar is usually the retention period, it is desirable for both the patient and the clinician that impacted or inclined third molars be uprighted without an appliance. Impacted lower third molars can be successfully uprighted using only brass ligature wire. This paper suggests that brass ligature-wire therapy can be used to upright impacted molars that show considerable inclination.
Received for publication: November 2001
Accepted: December 2001
Aust Orthod J 2001; 18(1): 35-38
Temporary tongue thrust: failure during orthodontic treatment
Thosapol Piyapattamin, Kunimichi Soma, Masataka Hisano
This report presents the case of a 25-year-old male patient who sought orthodontic treatment. Oral examination revealed an Angle Class I relation, with a bimaxillary dento-alveolar protrusion, evidence of anterior crowding, and a large overbite and overjet. Radiographic examination revealed a skeletal Class I occlusion. During the distal movement of the canines, occlusal interferences between the canines occurred and the commencement of a tongue thrust was observed. After correction of the applied forces, the canine movement was completed and the habit was no longer detectable. The incident indicates that an unusual oral habit suspiciously occurring during treatment should lead to an immediate reconsideration of the orthodontic treatment strategy.
Received for publication: October 2001
Accepted: December 2001
Aust Orthod J 2001; 18(1): 39-46
Incomplete unilateral cleft of the primary palate: delayed secondary bone grafting combined with orthodontic treatment
Supachai Lertnimulchai
The presence of a fissural lateral incisor in an alveolar cleft is not a common occurrence and, if one is present, must in most instances be removed because of microdontia or because it may compromise a bone graft. This case report presents an example of bone grafting carried out late in the secondary stage of the patient’s dentition, in conjunction with retention of the fissural lateral incisor as requested by the patient, and shows an acceptable outcome from the points of view of both aesthetics and dento-alveolar health.
Received for publication: October 2001
Accepted: November 2001
Aust Orthod J 2001; 18(1): 47-52
Laser irradiation inhibition of open gingival embrasure space after orthodontic treatment
Daijiro Meguro, Masaru Yamaguchi, Kazutaka Kasai
The purpose of this study was to investigate the inhibitory effect of low-energy laser irradiation on an incidence of open gingival embrasure space after orthodontic treatment. The patient was a 20-year, 7-month-old Japanese female with an Angle Class I malocclusion and crowding in the mandible. Treatment consisted of extraction of maxillary and mandibular first premolars and use of the Edgewise technique. A Ga-Al-As diode laser was used to irradiate an area of 0.5 cm2 at the labial and lingual gingival papilla between the canines. The time of exposure was 6 minutes for 3 days, carried out between the relevelling and en masse stages of movement. The total energy corresponding to 6 minutes of exposure varied from 1.90 J/cm2. There was no further evidence of open gingival embrasure space, except at the mandibular central incisor. Further: an improvement in the gingival inflammation caused by a periodontal disease was observed, and periodontal pocket depth was maintained. These results suggest that low-energy laser irradiation may inhibit the incidence of open gingival embrasure space after orthodontic treatment.
Received for publication: August 2001
Accepted: November 2001
Aust Orthod J 2001; 18(1): 53-63